时间:2013-01-24 来源:武汉网whw.cc 作者:whw.cc 我要纠错
英语语句与汉语语句相同,都是由单词依照必定的规矩所组成的。不一样的词类在句中所起的效果是不一样的。因而,只要搞清不一样词类在句中可充任哪些成分,才干正确剖析、了解语句的意义,并能精确地遣词造句,逐步到达流利地说出地道的英语。
请同学们仔细阅览下面的问答,我信任它必定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的效果。
【问】啥是语句成分?英语语句包含哪些成分?
【答】组成语句的各个有些叫做语句成分。它包含:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
【问】各成分在句中的效果怎么?分别由哪些词及短语充任?
【答】
1.主语:是语句要阐明的人或事物,是语句的主体,通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充任。如:
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is 小学生英语软件from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
【注重】若不定式短语作主语常用it作方式主语,而把真实的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语:阐明主语的举措或状况,也是语句的主体有些,通常由动词充任。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、神态动词和助动词。实义动词独自作谓语,连系动词与表语一同构成谓语,神态动词与省掉to的不定式构成组成谓语,助动词与动词原形一同构成谓语有些。如:
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(神态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
【注重】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要彼此照顾。
3.宾语:是及物动词所触及的目标,通常由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充任。如:
He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注重】①有的动词可接双宾语,直接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等。如:
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语通常放在直接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在直接宾语前加恰当的介词如to或 for等。如:
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词通常只用动名词作宾语,而不必不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词意义不一样。
a)forget to do表明“未发作的举措”,forget doing表明“已完结的举措”。如:
Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表明“停下
本来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表明“中止做某事”。如:
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他说话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(教师进来时学生们中止说话。)
4.定语:用于润饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充任。如:
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
【注重】定语通常坐落被润饰词之前,但若润饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后边。
5.状语:用于润饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,通常由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充任。单个副词作状语通常放在被润饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
【注重】enough作状语只能放在被润饰词之后。如:
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表语:用于阐明主语的身份、特征或感触,通常由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充任。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(作业)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The d初中生英语软件ish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语:用于弥补阐明宾语的举措,通常坐落宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一同构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”通常由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充任。如:
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(如今分词)
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